This color educational film is about Heliarc welding carbon steel pipes. It is presented by the Linde Company, a division of the Union Carbide Corporation. A close-up shows a welder welding a carbon steel pipe joint using Heliarc welding (:33-1:00). A diagram shows that Heliarc welding uses a tungsten electrode to cause the heat generated by the electric arc between the electrode and work piece. The gas used is argon. A welding rod is fed into the puddle (1:01-`1:35). A welder wearing a welding helmet and gloves carries a carbon steel pipe to a bench. He uses the Heliarc welding equipment to show how to join two pipes cut at different angles (1:36-2:05. He strikes the arc by moving the head in a swinging motion and bringing the tip of the electrode to the metal surface to make flat tack welds (2:06-3:18). He next attaches the pipe horizontally to a stand to make vertical welds that fill in the gaps, starting at the bottom on each side and moving to the top (3:19-5:00). The welder shows how to make horizontal welds on a vertical pipe (5:01-5:16). The finished Heliarc welded pipe is shown from the outside and inside. A close-up shows the etched cross section of perfect fusion and uniform penetration (5:17-6:26). More shots of Heliarc welding are shown up close (6:27-7:10).

Russell Meredith of Northrop Aircraft perfected the process shown here in 1941.Meredith named the process Heliarc because it used a tungsten electrode arc and helium as a shielding gas, but it is often referred to as tungsten inert gas welding (TIG). The American Welding Society’s official term is gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Linde Air Products developed a wide range of air-cooled and water-cooled torches, gas lenses to improve shielding, and other accessories that increased the use of the process. Initially, the electrode overheated quickly and, despite tungsten’s high melting temperature, particles of tungsten were transferred to the weld. To address this problem, the polarity of the electrode was changed from positive to negative, but the change made it unsuitable for welding many non-ferrous materials. Finally, the development of alternating current units made it possible to stabilize the arc and produce high quality aluminum and magnesium welds.

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